| Preceded by: Yaqub-Har (?) |
Pharaoh of Egypt 15th Dynasty |
Succeeded by: Khamudi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apepi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Manetho: Apophis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 A Sphinx of Amenemhat III reinscribed in the name of Apepi. One of the so-called "Hyksos Sphinxes" (Wallis Budge 1902). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ca. 1580-1540 BC (40+ years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Legacy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Sheshi (?) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Tati (?) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consort(s) | Tani (?)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issue | Apepi, Herit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | ca. 1540 BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burial | Unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- For other pages by this name, see Apepi.
Aauserre Apepi (transliteration: ỉppỉ, meaning: "One of Apep") was a Hyksos Pharaoh of the Fifteenth Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided between the Theban-based Seventeenth Dynasty in Upper Egypt and the Avaris-based Fifteenth Dynasty of the Hyksos, who controlled Lower Egypt and part of Middle Egypt.[2]
Apepi ruled from Avaris in the Nile Delta as a contemporary ruler to the Theban successive pharaohs Sobekemsaf II, Intef V, Intef VI, Intef VII, Tao I, Ahmose I, Tao II and Kamose in the south.
Attestations[]
Prince Apophis scarabs[]
There are also five scarab-seals inscribed with "King's Son Apophis". Based on their stylistic features, Kim Ryholt suggests that they regard two different princes:[3]
- The first three scarab seals may be confidently catagorized under William Ayres Ward's scarab-type group 2, which includes King Sheshi.[4] Ryholt refers to this individual as "Apophis A", who he sees as possibly a son of Sheshi or a close successor.[5] Thereby perhaps allowing a potential identification with King Apepi of the 14th Dynasty. However, Ward and Ben-Tor date this scarab-type group to the Hyksos period.[4][6] In their seriation of the scarab-seals, this prince Apophis would most likely be identical to the Hyksos ruler Apepi.
- The remaining two scarabs inscribed with "King's Son Apophis" are catagorized under William Ayres Ward's scarab-type group 4,[4] for which there is consensus on a dating to the late 15th Dynasty of the Hyksos. Hence, this second prince Apophis – dubbed "Apophis B" by Ryholt – is almost certainly the Hyksos ruler of the same name[3] or his son.
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References[]
Bibliography[]
- Ben-Tor, D./Allen S.J./Allen J.P., 1999: Seals and Kings. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR) 315.
- Ryholt, K., 1997: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800-1550 B.C. Museum Tuscalanum Press.
- Ryholt, K., 2018: Seals and History of the 14th and 15th Dynasties. In: The Hyksos Ruler Khyan and the Early Second Intermediate Period in Egypt: Problems and Priorities of Current Research. Edited by I. Forstner-Müller and N. Moeller. Vienna: Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut.
- Tyldesley, J., 2006: Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt. Thames & Hudson, London.
- Wallis Budge, E.A., 1902: A History of Egypt. Vol. III.
- Ward, W.A. 1984: Royal-Name Scarabs. In: O. Tufnell, Scarab Seals and their Contribution to History in the Early Second Millennium B.C. Studies on Scarab Seals 2. Warm-inster: Aris & Phillips.
| Predecessor: Yaqub-Har (?) |
Pharaoh of Egypt Fifteenth Dynasty |
Successor: Khamudi |