| Iuwalot | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||
 Theban funerary stela of Iuwalot at the British Museum (EA 1224).[1] | ||||||||
| Predecessor: Shoshenq |
High Priest of Amun | Successor: Smendes III | ||||||
| Dynasty | 22nd Dynasty | |||||||
| Pharaoh(s) | Osorkon I – Takelot I | |||||||
| Titles | King's Son High Priest of Amun General of the South | |||||||
| Father | Osorkon I | |||||||
| Mother | Maatkare or Shepensopdet | |||||||
| Spouse(s) | Tadenitenbastet | |||||||
| Issue | Wasakawasa, Khaemwaset, Djedisetiuesankh | |||||||
| Burial | Unknown | |||||||
Iuwalot (transliteration: ỉw-wꜢlt) was an ancient Egyptian prince of the Twenty-second Dynasty during the Third Intermediate Period.
Family[]
Iuwalot was the second son of Pharaoh Osorkon I. The identity of his mother remains unknown, but – given the later succession – she was probably not his father's queen consort Tashedkhonsu. His (half-)brothers include; Shoshenq, who was the eldest and Iuwalot's predecessor as High Priest of Amun in Thebes; Smendes III, who succeeded Iuwalot as High Priest; and Takelot I, the youngest brother who became Pharaoh.
In addition to his aforementioned brothers, other Iuwalot's relatives are known. On his Theban funerary stela (British Museum 1224),[2] he is depicted worshipping Re-Horakhty together with his wife Tadenitenbastet. His son Wasakawasa is known by an electrum pectoral dedicated to Thoth, Lord of Hermopolis (Petrie Museum UC13124), although he will never become High Priest like the father.[3] Another son, Khaemwaset, is mentioned on the Stèle de l'apanage as the beneficiary of his father's Theban possessions.[4] A daughter, called Djedisetiuesankh, is also known.[5]
Biography[]
His earliest mention is on the so-called Stèle de l'apanage, from which is known that Iuwalot was a youth in Year 10 of Osorkon I. His name appears later as High Priest of Amun on a Nile Level Text at Karnak (no. 16), dating to a Year 5 of an unknown pharaoh. Scottish Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen argued that this king could not be Osorkon I, since it would implied that Iuwalot was already High Priest and Army Commander of the South very early in his life; Kitchen thought it was much more likely that the unnamed pharaoh was Takelot I, and thus that Iuwalot must have been around 40 years old when he was appointed with such titles.[6] On the Stèle de l'apanage is reported that the northern limit of his jurisdiction as a military commander was the province of Asyut.[4]
He was succeeded by Smendes III around the mid-reign of Takelot.[7]
Rivalry[]
Takelot I was favored in succession over his brothers Iuwalot and Smendes III, perhaps due to his mother's queenly status. This evidently inspired rivalry to his rule by his brothers in Upper Egypt. Several Nile Level Texts at Thebes mention the High Priests of Amun Iuwalot and Smendes III in Years 5, 8 and 14 of a deliberately anonymous king who can only be their brother Takelot I. This rivalry in the south became even more apparent after Takelot I's reign. When Smendes III died, his son declared himself pharaoh of Upper Egypt as Horsaiset, bestowing his father's post as High Priest of Amun directly onto his own son, Padibastet.
Burial[]
The whereabouts of Iuwalot's tomb and mummy remain unknown. Given his position, he was presumably buried at the Theban Necropolis.
References[]
Bibliography[]
- Kitchen, K.A., 1996: The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (c.1100-650 BC). Aris & Phillips Ltd. third edition.
- Wallis Budge, E.A., 1909: British Museum: A Guide to the Egyptian galleries (sculpture).
| Predecessor: Shoshenq |
High Priest of Amun 22nd Dynasty |
Successor: Smendes III |